Durani Period

Attock Fort

A fresh epoch in the history of Hazara started with the invasion of Punjab by Ahmad Shah Durani, the successor of Nadir Shah in1748, and the cession to him of the Punjab including Kashmir in 1752. Hazara also came under the new invaders. The Duranies managed the area through chiefs, on whom they conferred chiefdoms and large allowances. It is probable that the succeeding years of Ahmad Shah and his successor,s reign saw a little strengthening of administration in Hazara. But it was not to the interest of Kabul rulers to exact much revenue. They were able as occasion needed to draw good soldiers from the area, used one of the best roads to Kashmir which lay through its center and were content with the meager revenues.     

Raja Ranjit Singh

            The Duranies were the rulers but due to their little scamp in this country their rule was only nominal. Their administration was so weak that in the beginning of 19th century the Durani government had lost its influence over the people of Hazara. This was indeed a matter of little concern to the Durani rulers and their deputies in Kashmir. Collecting such arrears of revenue as they could conveniently extort on their way through the area, they were content to forget it as soon as they were out of it. According to H.D. Watson. If their faces were set towards the rich vale of Kashmir it was lost time to loiter on the road. If they were returning home towards Afghanistan their hearts were still less inclined to linger in so profitless a tract.

            Dur to their weak administration  law and order situation had so much degenerated that factions, treachery, assassinations, inter-tribal raids and general lawlessness were the common feature of daily life. Even the safety of movement of a traveler from one estate to the other was conditioned by a tax called Badragha.

            The Duranies had tried their best to improve the law and order situation in the area. For this purpose they sent several detachments of troops on different occasions. Due to which several skirmishes also occurred between the two parties. Though in these skirmishes the rebels were defeated but the Duranies failed in establishing law and order situation on firm footing, as well as obtaining taxes.

            In the area this lawless situation continued till Duranies defeat, after which they were compelled to evacuate Hazara for its new rulers, The Sikhs.

Old age farmer

            Though Duranies were completely beaten during the first half of 19th century but they claimed their right over this country for quite some time, but at last according to a tripartite treaty ( The Governor General, Raja Ranjit Singh and Shah Shujah-ul-Mulk were the members) called The Treaty of Alliance and Friendship between Maharajah Ranjit Singh and Shah Shujah-ul-Mulk, signed on 25th june 1835, at Shimla. The later surrendered all claims and titles by him self, his heirs, his successors and all the Saddozaies, to Kashmir, Attock, Punjab, some areas of Sindh and all most the whole of the present K.P.K area to Maharajah Ranjit Singh.

Hazara upto Mughals.

Stories about legendary Hindu hero "RAJA RASALLU" of about the 2nd century A.D are still remembered by the elders of the 20th century. He, it is said was a son of Raja Salbahan of Sialkot and visited this area only for amusement.According to historians "RAJA SERI CUP" the ruler of this area was a gambler and lost his kingdom and also his daughter Rani Cokallan to Raja Rasallu in a game of chess. According to some local tales the gambling practices of Raja Seri Cup lost his life at the hand of Raja Rasallu at a point near the present Khanpur village.


Another story recorded in several books about Raja Rasallu  is also common. Theme of the story is that the Raja slew his wife who was in love with a giant. He also closed the mouth of the cave with boulders in which the giant had taken shelter. It is also given that before closing the cave the Raja drew a picture of his bow and arrow on the cave's inner side. seeing this the demon dared not attempt to issue forth and ever since he has remained inprisoned in the cave. emitting from time to time roars and groanings that sound like the rumbling of distant thunder. 

The Mughal emperor Jahangir in his autobiography, also writes a note about this voice, that " I heared from the people of this country that when it is not the rainy seasons and there is no sign of a cloud or lightning a noise like the rumbling of clouds from this hill, ( The Gandgar Hill, situated on the south western side of Haripur city. This noise is heard every year or at least every two years. I had repeatedly heard of this also when I was in attendance on the Late King.

The next account about the history of this area is from the pen of the famous Chinese pilgrim Hiuen Tsiang. He visited it in the 7th century A.D and described this land as the Kingdom of Wu-La-Shi , situated to the north west of kashmir.

According to another account of the history of this region, some historian are of the opinion that accouding to RAJA TARANGINI  written by Pandit Kalhana, KING SHAUKARAVARMAN and his army was attacked by the inhabitants in 902 A.D. when they were marching through this country. In the next century Kalahana describes Urasa as being occupied by a Kashmiri force under Kalashan (1063 to 1089 A.D) while from 1112 A.D to 1120 A.D this area remained under the direct sway of King Susala . Traces here and there of ancient villages and forts legends inscribed on walls one at Soha near Bir village in Tanawal area and another at Patan are evidences of Hindu domination.

The next that we hear of Hazara is in connection with the Great Timurlance, who on returning after his invasion of Delhi in 1399 A.D. made over the area to a number of Kurluke Turks By this time the Hindu rulers had been ousted and the authority of the Muslims had beem established over their places. After their settlement in this area they (The Turks) remained in power for more than four centuries. It may also be noted here that to this settlement of the Turks, the name Hazara is probably due.

Throught out its history upto March 1849  the date when the British formally amalgamated Hazara in their domain Hazara ramained under different chiefs as well as under different rulers. as well as under different  rulers at the same time. As during the Mughal period , the Governors of Kashmir while the North  eastern area of this country was controlled by the Governor of Kashmir while the Western side and Haripur plains were under the direct control of the Turk Chief as well as under the governors of Attock illaqa respectively.

This area from Haripur plains to the Kaghan glens via Pakhli was a vital link in the chain that connected Kashmir with the rest of India as well as with Afghanistan. The Mughals used it on several occasions. Akbar the Great, for instance used this route twice while in 1619-20 when Emperor Jahangir decided to spend his summer in the Kashmir valley he also used this route. During the journey he halted at several places and on the request of Sultan Hussain, the Turk chief of Pakhli went to his house. Emperor Akbar had also visited the Turk chief house on 23rd September 1589 and granted him the Pakhli area as a fief. During Jahangir's visit Sultan Hussain exchanged presents with the Emperor. Due to the Turk chief behaviour and attitude on that occasion, the Emperor promoted his mansab Rank to 600 sawars and 350 horses. The Emperor also conferred on him a robe of honour a jewelled dagger and an elephant.

Though during Akbar's  later days the Pakhli area saw a scene of a revolt initiated by a chief named Hindal, entitled Sultan Nasir, but it was crushed succesfully and Pakhli was restored to its legitimate owner.

During the later Mughal period changes of great importance took place in this area. These arose mainly from two causes, tha decadence of the vitality of the old families and the increasing inroads of the pathans and their allied races. One of the most notable of these events was the invasion of Pakhli by the Swaties. The Latest inroads of the Sawaties under the capable leadership of Saiyed Jalal was in 1703. The Turks ( dominant Tribe of the area) were ousted and the invaders established themselves on the  northern part of Pakhli and in the hilly country adjoining it to the west. It is also a fact that during the same period Tanawalies, Jadoons, Tareens, Utmanzaies and other Pathan tribes crossed the Indus and siezed some territory in this area.

For lack of any written records it is difficult , if not impossible to describe exactly the events taking place during the period . but as a matter of fact the changes were the natural result of the total absence of a strong controlling central authority and of a system in which might was the only right.

Hazara Before The Christ

The complete ancient history of Hazara is shrouded in obscurity. Besides some salient points, repeated by different writers, historians have also not written much about it. Though some old caves discovered in the Khanpur area have been regarded by them as, of stone age of human civilization which means some 8000 years B.C, but their views seem to be controversial.

          The first authentic point, related with the ancient history of this area, is about the time of Alexander the Great,s Punjab campaign during 327 B.C. At the time Arsakas was the ruler of this land. Alexander was offered a lot of resistance during his passage through the present Khyber Pakhtoon Khawa(N.W.F.P). He also faced opposition of the wild tribes of lower Hazara, and for a time being, the subjugation of the Gandgar fort, according to Ahmad Hasssan Dani, was a hard task for the Greek Army.

           Hazara, even upto 1847 was divided in several fiefdoms of different chiefs and was controlled by different rulers at the same time. This was some at Alexander the Great,s arrival in this area. As the upper portion (Manshera district) of Hazarawals granted by the Greek invader to Abisara in 327 B.C, while Arsakas was the ruler of the lower part (Haripur district) of this area.

           But during the Budhist dynasty, this area for some time remained under the direct sway of the Governor of Taxila. And when in 272 B.C. Arsokavardhana, commonly known as 'Ashoka' ascended the throne and made this area and the Gandhara Valley as his main seats of Government. He was undoubtedly the greatest ruler of the Maurya dynasty. During his sway, Buddhism spread over a vast area and from the above mentioned places preachers of  this creed used to be sent to the far-flung lands.

  Besides his other achievements, he had left some enduring monuments in the forms of edicts, which according to Akbar.S.Ahmad, are amongst the most remarkable historical remains in the world. Ashoka's edicts, inscribed on rocks and pillars, 13 in number, have been found in different areas. Among them three were discovered near the base of Barrari hills, a mile to the west of Mansehra town. These in meanings are similar to those of Ashokans edicts found in Shahbaz-Garhi in Mardan Division. One of Ashokan Mansehra edicts declares:- Father and mother must be obeyed; equal respect for all living creatures must be enforced: truth must be spoken. These are the virtues of the Law of duty (Dharma) which must be practised. Similarly the teachers must be reverenced by the pupils and proper courtesy must be shown to the relations.

            According to Dr. Stein, the area where these edicts were found was a famous place of pilgrimage and a convenient  halting place for the pilgrims, on their way to the spiritual heights of Srinagar. These pilgrims can perform a local religious obligation to 'Shiv' by climbing up to the Barrari Peak. According yo local traditions, and stories, an annual fair was held there till 1947.

Origin of the name Hazara

NAME OF HAZARA.

Map of Hazara

The original name of the region now known as Hazara(as a whole) is lost in oblivion. Mac-Iver, a shrewd political scientist, is right in saying that origins are always obscure. This is true, particularly of the original name of Hazara. However it has variously been explained by different writers.

Major James Abbot

Some historian maintain that,Hazara takes its name from the name Abisara, i.e, the country of Raja Abisaras. It is said that in the year 327 B.C Alexander, the Great, handed over this area to Abisaras, the Raja of Kashmir. So after his name the country was called "Abisara". Dr Stein, a celebrity of Indian history, holds a different view. According to him the name of "Hazara" has been derived from Urasa, the ancient name of Pakhli. While according to H.D Watson, the settlement officer of Hazara during 1899-1907, the name Urasa is "probably Uraga of the Mahabharta".

ALEXENDER  THE  GREAT

A majority of historians and writers are agreed to the possible derivation of the name Hazara from HAZARA -KURLUKEorKURLUKE MING, a Turkish word. They further maintain that the Kurluke is the name of a Turk tribe, while in Turkish dialect the word "MING" means one thousand or HAZAR. It is said that in 1399 A.D Taimur, the famous Turk Chief of Samarkand, subjugated a vast area in the Sub-Continent. He, on his return towards Kabul left a Ming or a          

regiment of Kurluke soldiers in this area, for the protection of this important trade route between Kashmir and Kabul. 

VIEW OF ABBOTTABAD 1907

He also handed over this area to some Turk chiefs. By this the Hindu rulers had been ousted and the authority of the Muhammadans had been established in their Place.  So to the settlement of Turks, the name Hazara is probably due. As, it is mentioned above that Hazar or 1 thousand is the translation of the word Ming so Hazara is therefore the territory of a Turk Ming or a regiment.

Alyasi Masjid Abbottabad

It is important to mention her that upto 1850the lower part of this area was called MEDAN-e-HAZARA, as well as, Hazara-e-Kurluke, while the upper portion was known as Pakhli. But in 1849 after the 1st summery settlement of this area, the word Kurluke was dropped and the whole area i.e, from Haripur Plains to the Kaghan glens was named as "HAZARA".

The People of Hazara 5

9. MISHAWANIES.

 According to J.M.Wickely the Mashawaies are Ghurghust Pathans, descended from Said Mohammad Gaisu-e-Daraz, from a Sirani women. But, besides historical facts, they claim themselves as Syed and addthe word SHAH at the end of their names, but the Syed of Hazara do not accept them as true Syeds.

About their entry into Hazara, accompained with the Utmanzaies, historians date it around the 16th century A.D while the Gandgar area, where they dwell now a days was granted to them as a reward by the Utmanzaies.

By nature they are very brave people and were a constant source of troubles for the Sikhs. During the early days of the British, they rendered re-mark able services to the Government and their loyalty was beyond questions. At the time of the second Sikh war in 1848-49. Major James Abbott, the first Deputy Commissioner of Hazara, found them brave, as well as, his staunch supporters among the Mashwanies and described them as one of the bravest races in the world.

10. SWATIES.

                                    The swaties, a tribe living mainly in upper Hazara without exception regard themselves as Pathans. Some historians are of the view that "The orignal Swaties were a race of  Hindu Origin", but as a matter of fact, the swaties are Afghans in their origin.

The Swaties are a tribe, who besides effectively resisting Babur and Ulugh Baig ( Mughals) had produced some prominent personalities in history. For instance, one Baba Shah Mir who proceeded from Batkhaala to Kashmir,  established his kingdom there in 1443 A.D under the title of Shah Mir Shams-ud-Din Shah. He was a piousMuslim and according to historians, Islam spread in Kashmir by his family's efforts, which remained dominant over that area for more than 4 centuries.

The present Swaties in Hazara are the descendants of those who during 1703 under the command of Syed Jalal Shah, entered this area as conquerors. They ousted the original inhabitants ( The Turkd) of the area and occupied the whole of Mansehra District except it's southern corner.

In Hazara the Swaties are divided into two main section, the Ghabri and the Mamili or Mitrawi. Scattered families of this tribe are to be found throughout the Division but a major part of Mansehra  District

Tanawal and pakhli are their main places of their dwellings.

Besides the above mentioned tribes, Abbasi, Arrora, Dhund, karral, Kakar, Mughal, Maliar, Pani, Qureshi, Saras, Syed, Sulemani or Shalmani etc.

The People of Hazara 4

7.AWANS:

Awan Sepoy

                          The Awans who are in large numbers throughout Hazara, claim that they are descendants of Qutab Shah of Ghazni. About the arrival of Qutab Shah in the Sub continent they also claim that he had come from Hirat in about 1035 A.D and settled in the suburbs of Peshawar, while, on the other hand Mr. Brandrith is of the opinion that they are more probably the descendants of the Bactrian Greeks. General Cunningham identifies the Awans with JUD, the descendants from the same ancestor as the Junjuhas. Besides these claims, sojme p[eople also think that Awan Karri, to whom this tribe owes it's name was a profession instead a race.

Their entry in Hazara is shrouded in darkness. Khakars and Chuhans are the leading sections of the Awans in this area and the Qazi family of Sikandarpur, a village near Haripur is prominent among them.

8. GUJARS:

                     The Gujars, a mixed cast of the Aryans are the oldest inhabitants of Hazara. General Cunningam links them with Kushans or Yu-Chi, and gives his idea that in the first century A.D they conquered Kabul and Peshawar valley under the command their able chief Kadphises 1, while his son Hima Kadphises extended his sway over trhe whole of the Punjab and over some southern areas. His successors annexed Kashmir but due to the attacks by the White Huns in the 3rd century A.D. this tribe (Kushans) started migrating towards the south. After wandering about a time they established their rule in Rajputana during the 5th century A.D. and scattered throughout the Sub-Continent. So probably their arrival in the high land of Hazara dates from that time.

The Gujars are divided in to more than one hundred branches, of whom about 45 different swell in this area. Though in the former days they were dominant in the Haripur Region, now are scattered throughout the Division and a major part of Mansehra District is their main seat of habitation.

     

The People of Hazara Part 3

6.TANAWALIES OR TANOLIES.

Lower Tanawal

           The TANAWALIES or TANOLIES , a tribe of Hazara, claim descent from Amir Khan, a Barlas Mughal, whose two son, Hind khan and Pal khan crossed the Indus some four centuries ago and settles in the area now known as Tanawal. Historians write that in 1472 some 4000 TANAWALIES crossed the river Indus under the command of their leader Moulvi Ibrahim Lodhi and established themselves over the Tanawal over the Tanawal area.

View of Tarbela Lake near Tanawal Area

Now a days they are scattered through out the Division and occupy Khalabat Town ship and the lower and the upper Tanawal area including Garhian tracks of the Mansehra District, VHindwal and pallal are chief sections of this tribe which are further divided into a large  number of subsections whose name end in "al"

7. UTMANZAIES: 

Main Chowk Khalabat Town Ship

                               Utmanzai is a sub tribe of Yousafzai tribe. In Hazara they were incited by the Gujars, from whom the Utmanzaies acquired land and were dominant there during the Sikh and the British periods. They also helped the British Government with great zeal during its early days in this area and were considered by the British as their most reliable friends in  Hazara.

Utmanzai Tribe

Before the construction of Tarbela Dam, Kaya , Khabble, Tarbela, Khalabat , Morti , Mera etc etc and a narrow strip between the Indus River and the Gadun region were their chief areas of dwelling but after that project ( Tarbela Dam) they scattered through out the Division and the Punjab. However a sizeable section of a population of this tribe made Khalabat Town Ship their main place of living.

Spell way Tarbela Dam

Though itself a sub-section of the Yousafzai Tribe, the Utmanzai tribe is further divided into five main sections namely, Allazai, Akazai (distinct from the same tribe of the Black Mountains) Khanzai, Saddozai and Tahirkhali.

The People of Hazara Part 2

4. TURKS.

Mankara Village View

The name Turk is a "Tartar" word which means "Wanderer". while literally it means an iron helmet. The Turks in Hazara are the descendants of Mongolian Kurluke  Turks, who had entered this area with Taimur in 1399 A.D. At one time they were dominant and had ruled the Pakhli area for more than three hundred years. But Pathan and other invaders expelled them gradually from their possessions.

Tomb On Hill Near Mankara

They, throughout their existence, saw many ups and down in this area. For instance at the start of the 18th century A.D. they were ousted from their headquarters Mankarai (a village near Haripur) by the Ghurghust Afghans. During the same period the Swaties also expelled them from Tanawal and Pakhli area. For the time being they remained as wanderers but in 1786, due to their request to Taimur Shah son of Ahmad Shah Abdali, the Turks were re-instated in Mankara. Now a days in Hazara they dwell mostly in Haripur and in Mansehra District and Mankara is still counted as their headquarters in Hazara.

5.DILAZAKS.

Railway Station Sarai Saleh

Though H.W Bellew is of the opinion that it is not clear who these Dilazaks are? but it is a fact that the Dilazaks are a sub-section of the Pathans. They also consider themselves as members of Kadai Karlani branch of the Pathans. Irshad Khan also mentioned that their genealogical connection with the Afghans had been found during 17th century.

According to saome historians, the Dilazaks had entered Hazara in the first half of 17th century, while a majority of the historians are of the view that they had entered this area in 1553 A.D.

Dor River In Sarai Saleh

They faced many hardships in Hazara. In 1615, for instance, Shah Saleem Badshah (Muhammad Jehangir) bodily deported the Dilazaks from Hazara, as well as from Peshawar and settled them as a colony in Dhakka. But during Emperor Alamgir,s reign they were again permitted to live in Hazara. Scattered families of this tribe are still to be found along the left bank  of the river Indus and the Dor, while Sarai-Saleh, constructed by one Dilazak chief, named Saleh Muhammad Khan during 1772, is still their headquarters in Hazara.

The People of Hazara

Peoples.

Hazara is peopled by an conglomeration of various races and tribes. Due to this fact some ignorant people have a misconception about the name of Division that Hazara owes it,s name to Hazar or a thousand tribes dwelling in this area.

About the people, historians, as well as,  these tribes are of the opinion that, among them several are the original inhabitants of this area, while the rest have migrated from other places. They migrated to this area under necessity. Some came for trade and commerce, because this area was an important trade route between Kabul and Kashmir, while a few entered this region as conquerors. Beside these two groups, the third group was of those people who sought shelter in this area after their expulsion from their native homes.

Though the majority of the population in this area (about 99.98%) are Muslims, but the religion of people before the advent of Islam was Hinduism, as well as, Buddhism. Islam in Hazara, like in other parts of the N.W.F.P now (KPK) spread very rapidly, but at the time of partition of the Sub-Continent, Hindus, Sikhs, Christians and Ahmadies were also part of the population of this area.

The following area the principal races and tribes in Hazara:-

1. JADOONS.

Of the genuine Pathan tribes in Hazara, the most numerous are the Jadoons. They Occupy Mangal, Rash and Rajoia plains with villages on their fringe. Bagra and its neighbouring villages are also the chief dwelling places of this tribe.

About their origin Olaf Cairo in his famous book " The Pathans " mentioned that the Jadoons are the Pathans of the family of Ghurghust, son of Qais Abdur-Rashid. While on the other hand Sir Denzil Ibbetson asserts that " the jadoons are of  Indian origin " but it is a fact that Ghurghust s/o Qais Abdur Rashid had three sons and the Jadoons or Gadoons are the descendants of one of his son Darni.

The Jadoons entered Hazara in the beginning of the 17th century and took possession of lands then belonging to Turks and Dilazaks. Some historians also believe that when Bhakko Khan attacked Hazara in the 17th century, Jadoons also accompanied him. About their establishment on firm footing in this area, historians write that," after expulsion of the Dilazaks by Emperor Jahangir, the Jadoons family established themselves and spread up to the Dor Valley, as far as Abbottabad".

They are divided into three main sections.  Emperor Jahangir  and Salar, and dwell in the areas mentioned above.

2. TAHIRKHALIES.

The Tahirkhalies, a sub-section of the Utmanzai Yousafzaies, dwell in Kharri and in the lower part of the Gandgar hills in the south-western Hazara. Though the Tahirkhalies are a sub-section of the Utmanzaies but have a different character and customs.

During the Sikh rule over Hazara they (the Tahirkhalies) created a lot of troubles for the neighbouring villages and for the time being they also remained a troublesome tribe for the British. It is an industrious tribe and dwells in , and Ghazi villages of the Haripur District.

3. TAREENS.
The Tareens are directs descendants of Sharkbun, the grandson of QaisAbdur-Rashid so in their origin they are connected with Jadoons. They came to Hazara in 18th century with the Utmanzaies and gradually supplanted the original inhabitants of this area, the Gujars. H.D. Watson writes that the first Tareen chief settled in this area was driven out by the Governor of that place. Sher Khan on his arrival in the sub-continent took service under the Emperor Shah Jahan in 1631. Shah Jahan also gave him 2,00,000 rupees in cash and permitted the Tareen chief to keep up a contingent of 1,000 horses.
The Tareens were very powerful during the Mughal and the Durani periods but with the advent of the Sikhs their power began to wane. Instead of it, they were a constant source of trouble for the British during the middle of the 19th century.
The Tareens are divided into two sections i.e the Tor (Black) and the Spin (White) Tareens, which are further divided into fourteen sub-sections, six of them from Tor and eight from the Spin Tareens. In Hazara they dwell mostly in Haripur District and Darwaish and Rehana are their main villages.

Rivers, Streams, Lakes & Ponds.

1. Rivers

River Indus

              The Indus, Siran, Dor, Harroh & kunhar are the important water resources in Hazara. Here it is also worth-mentioning that the Indus river, after covering its course through Kohistan Area, and the River Jehlum, only skirts this division. The Former runs on the western side of Hazara for 30 miles while the later on the Eastern side for 25 miles.

Beauty of River Indus

The Rivers and streams mentioned above differ from one another in respect of their origins and discharge flow. The Indus rises about 280 miles away from Ladakh, while the Siran, Dor & Harroh takes start from Bhogarmang valley. Dunga Galli (near Nathia Galli) and Lalu Sar Lake (Naran Valley) respectively.

Irrigation in this region is possible mainly by the Siran, Dor and Harroh, while the Kunhar, which joins the River Jehlum at Domail, is so rapid and deep that utilization of its water for irrigation on a large scale is very difficult.

River Kunhar in its bloom

The above mentioned water bodies have numerous tributaries. Among them some are perennial while others seasonal. These in the Vernacular are known Kathas, or small torrents. These Kathas are an important source of irrigation and water more then 22000 acre of land under their respective catchment limits, while Siran, Dor and Harroh irrigate some 20,000, 16,000 and 5000 acre of land respectively.

LAKES:

Ansu Lake (TEAR)

There are many natural, as well as, man made lakes in Hazara. These , surrounded by rocky snow capped hills are confined to the Kaghan Valley and Haripur District. Their names are Lalu Sar, Dudi Pat Sar, Saif ul Malook, Ansoo (Tear) Tarbela and Khanpur Lake.

Tarbela Lake

These Lakes lies in Idyllic seclusion and tranquil surrounding with their water reflecting the wonderful and changing tints of the sky. There are associated many fables, and events of great importance with these lakes, such as, the Legendary Love story of one fairy named BADAL JAMAL connected with Lord Saif ul Malook Sar and the scene of arrest of some 600 soldiers of 55 native infantry in 1858 are connected with Dudi pat Sar. 

Saif-ul-Malook

Besides, there also exists  a large area in the Division where water is scarce or distant. In these areas, especially in the Tanawal Region  and District Haripur, ponds for storage of rain water have been constructed and people utilize their water for drinking and irrigation purpose, from the same tanks.

MINES & MINERALS:

Though mining in Hazara has not been done on a large scale but minerals of different kinds like Coal, Lime Stone, Building stone, Gypsum, Coarse Slate, Antimony or oxide of led (Surma, Kajal) and iron are founded in abundance in this area.